Aim:
To build a simple automation project using a light sensor and a push button to simulate an AND gate.

Requirements:

• Breadboard

• Jumper wires

• LDR (Light-Dependent Resistor)

• Push button or temperature sensor

• LED

• Resistor (10kΩ for LDR, 220Ω for LED)

• Battery (9V or 3V) and connector

Steps:

1. Set Up the Power

   • Connect the battery to the breadboard’s power rails (positive and ground).

2. Connect the LDR (Light Sensor)

   • Connect one leg of the LDR to positive power.

   • Connect the other leg to a resistor (10kΩ), then to ground.

   • Connect a wire from between the LDR and resistor to the LED path or controller.

3. Add the Push Button

   • Connect one leg to positive, and the other to the LED (with a 220Ω resistor).

   • Connect the LED’s other leg to ground.

4. Make the AND Logic

   • Arrange the circuit so the LED turns ON only when it’s dark AND the button is pressed.

5. Test

   • Try different conditions:
     a) Button only → no light.
     b) Darkness only → no light.
     c) Both together → light turns ON!

Working:

This setup acts like an AND gate: both conditions must be true. That’s the start of automation — your circuit can now decide when to act!