Think about how we humans work. Our brain takes information from our eyes, ears, and skin (sensors), then decides what to do, like moving our hands or speaking.

Machines also need a brain. For robots, smart fans, or even automatic lights, the Arduino works as that tiny, powerful brain. It takes input from sensors (like light sensors or temperature sensors), processes it with code, and then controls outputs (like motors, fans, or lights).

The most common board beginners use is the Arduino Uno. It is small, affordable, and easy to program—perfect for learning electronics and coding together.