Aim:

Build a system that opens a tap automatically when hands are detected and closes it when hands are removed.

Requirements:

• Arduino Uno or Raspberry Pi Pico

• IR proximity sensor

• Servo motor (SG90 or similar)

• Breadboard and jumper wires

• USB cable and Arduino IDE / Thonny

Working principle:

• The IR sensor emits infrared light and detects if it reflects back from a nearby object (like your hand).

• Arduino receives this signal and sends a command to the servo.

• The servo rotates to open the tap when hands are present and rotates back to close it when hands are removed.

Circuit Connections

IR Sensor

• VCC → 5V

• GND → GND

• OUT → Pin 2 (Arduino)

Servo Motor

• VCC (Red) → 5V

• GND (Brown/Black) → GND

• Signal (Orange/Yellow) → Pin 9 (Arduino)

Step-by-Step Instructions

Step 1: Wiring

1. Connect IR sensor output pin to Arduino pin 2.

2. Connect servo motor signal wire to Arduino pin 9.

3. Ensure all components share a common ground.

Step 2: Arduino Code (Basic Version)

#include <Servo.h>

Servo tapServo;

int sensorPin = 2;

int sensorValue = 0;

void setup() {

  tapServo.attach(9);

  pinMode(sensorPin, INPUT);

  tapServo.write(0); // Tap closed

}

void loop() {

  sensorValue = digitalRead(sensorPin);

  if (sensorValue == LOW) { // Object detected

    tapServo.write(90); // Open tap

  } else {

    tapServo.write(0); // Close tap

  }

}

Step 3: Testing

• Place your hand near the IR sensor.

• The servo should rotate to open the tap.

• Remove your hand and the servo should rotate back to close it.