The Internet of Things (IoT) works because devices are able to “talk” to each other through the internet.
A bulb or fan is just a normal device until it is connected to a network. Once connected, it can be controlled using a phone, computer, or even automatically by sensors.

For example:

• You can turn on a smart bulb with an app on your phone.

• A smart fan can start automatically when the room gets too hot.

This happens because IoT devices use a central platform (called a dashboard or app) where all devices are connected and can be controlled.